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Тараз қаласы әкімдігінің білім, дене шынықтыру және спорт бөлімі
Ғ.Мұратбаев атындағы №17 орта мектебі

Ағылшын тілі грамматикасы
сызба кестелерде

Кулыбекова Аксауле Сайлауовна/ ағылшын тілі пәнінің мұғалімі/

Sequence of tenses (Шақтардың қиысуы)


1 Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
2 Present Continuous Past Continuous
3 Present Perfect Past Perfect
4 Past Indefinite Past Perfect
5 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
6 Past Perfect Past Perfect
7 Future Indefinite Future - in the Past

Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech
now then next week the next week
the following week
today that day last week the previous week
tomorrow the next day
the following day last year the year before
the day after tomorrow two days later here there
yesterday the day before
the previous day this that
the day before yesterday two days before these those
ago before

Conditional sentences

Structure Example Expresses
Real
Fut.Sim.+ if +Pr.Sim

If+Pr.Sim + Fut.Sim.
I'll go to the cinema,
if I am not busy
If I am not busy,
I'll go to the cinema Real situation and its result

Unreal
Fut-in the P.+if+Past Sim.

If+Past Sim. +Fut-in the P.
I would travel all over the world, if I had much money
Unreal situation and its result

12
Rules of reading

Vowels I type
(open) II type
(closed) III type
(V+r) IV type
(V+r+V)
Aa [ei] [ei] plate [æ] bag [a:] car [εә] hare
Oo [ou] [ou] pose [o] box [o:] fork [o:] more
Ee [i:] [i:] tree [e] ten [ә:] her [iә] here
Ii [ai] [ai] nine [I] six [ә:] girl [aiә] fire
Yy [ai] [ai] my [I] gym [ә:] byrd [іә] tyre
Uu [ju:] [ju:] pupil [^] bus [ә:] turn [juә] pure

Spain ai [ei] oo+k [u] Book
Day ay oo [u:] Foot
August au [o:] ow [au] Out
Law aw ou Brown
Sea ea [i:] ow [ou] Window
Meet ee oa [ou] Oak
New ew [ju:] ai+r [εә] Chair
Neutral eu ee+r [iә] Engineer
They ey [ei] ou+r [auә] Our
Point oi [oi] oo+r [o:] Door
Boy oy

Cc [s] before e,i,y City, pencil, cycle Th [θ] Thick, thin
[k] Cat, come [∂] This, than
Gg [dз] Gin, gentle, gym wh [h]
before o Who
[g] Garden, bag [w] When, why
ch [t∫] Chair wr [r] Write
tch Match - ssion
[∫n] Mission
sh [∫] She - tion Dictation
qu [kw] Quick - sion [зn] Revision
ng [ŋ] Long - ture [∫ә] Picture
nk [ŋk] Thank

1
The Noun
1 Proper nouns (жалқы) Peter, Smith, Teddy, Moscow, the Volga, “New Times”
Common nouns (жалпы) Boy, snow, dog, school, friendship
2 Concrete nouns (деректi) Mary, cat, table, butter, book
Abstract nouns (дерексiз) Love, idea, cold, meeting, summer
3 Animate nouns (жанды) Jane, cat, girl, horse
Inanimate nouns (жансыз) River, table, iron

Number
Singular Plural
1 - s Book
Boy Books
Boys
2 - es Bus
Bush
Speech
Match
Box Buses
Bushes
Speeches
Matches
Boxes
3 - es Potato
Tomato Potatoes
Tomatoes
4 - s Photo
Piano
Zero
Rhino Photos
Pianos
Zeros
Rhinos
5 y → i Army
Strawberry Armies
Strawberries
6 f → v Leaf
Knife Leaves
Knives
7 - Man
Woman
Child
Foot
Tooth
Goose
Mouse
Sheep
Deer Men
Women
Children
Feet
Teeth
Geese
Mice
Sheep
Deer
2

Word order (сөз тәртiбi)

1 2 3 4
Adverbial modifier
Пысықтауыш Subject

Бастауыш Predicate

Баяндауыш Object

Толықтауыш Adverbial modifier
Пысықтауыш

In summer Peter wrote them letters very often


Анықтауыш (Attribute) өзi анықтайтын сөзден бұрын (предлогсыз) немесе кейiн (предлогпен) келедi
I like your dog. That dog of yours is very good.

Сұраулы сөйлем түрлерi

№ Түрi Жасалуы Мысал

1 General question
(жалпы)
Pr1+Sub.+Pr2? Does he read English books?
Сan you read English books?
Is he a good people?

2 Special question
(арнайы)
1
Qu.+Pr1+Sub.+Pr2? Where do you live?
What can you do?
Where is he?
2 Qu.+Pr ?
(Бастауышқа немесе оның анықтауышына) Who is reading a book?
Whose book is lying on the table?

Alternative
question
(балама) Gq1+ or+Gq2 Is it a book or a copybook?
Do you go to the cinema or to the theatre?

4 Disjunctive
question
(демеулiктi) 1 Af.st,+Pr1+not+Per.Pr? He is reading, isn't he?
2 Neg.st,+Pr1+Per.Pr? He has a book, hasn't he?

Pr1 – 1.көмекшi етiстiк Af.st – болымды сөйлем
2.модальды етiстiк Neg.st – болымсыз сөйлем
3. байланыстырушы етiстiк Per.Pr – жiктеу есiмдiгi
11

Non-finite forms of the verb

Infinitive (to _)
Iс-әрекеттi бiлдiретiн қ етiстiктiң түрi
1 Indefinite Infinitive V1 I want to speak to him
I can read this story
2 Passive Infinitive to be+V3 Peter is glad to be invited by me
3 Perfect Infinitive to have+V3 I am glad to have spoken to him
4 Continuous Infinitive to be+V4 It was pleasant to be driving the car again
5 Perfect Continuous Infinitive to have been+V4 They seem to have been reading this book for a long time

Gerund
Iс-әрекеттi бiлдiретiн жајқсыз етiстiктiң түрi
1 Indefinite
Gerund V1+ing Stark sat without speaking
2 Perfect Gerund having+V3 He felt better for having written the letter
3 Passive Gerund being+V3 I like being invited to their house

Participle I
Iс-әрекеттi бiр заттың немесе әрекеттiң сипаты ретiнде көрсететiн жақсыз етiстiктiң түрi
1 Indefinite
Participle I V4 The street was full of people, laughing and going home
2 Perfect Participle I having+V3 Having read the book I gave it to Peter
3 Passive Participle I being+V3 Cecilia had heard very little being absorbed in her own reflections
4 Perfect Passive Participle I having been+V3 I am going the same day myself having been detained here two days

Participle II

1 Participle II V3 The boy invited by Peter is a friend of mine
Зат есiмнiң жасалу жолдары

I. Префикстер арқылы
1 Dis - Disbelief 5 Sub - Subway
2 Mis - Misbehavior 6 Re - Recount
3 Co - Copilot 7 Auto - Autobiography
4 Counter- Counteraction 8 Vice - Vice -president

II. Суффикстер арқылы
Түбiр зат есiмнен Түбiр сын есiмнен
1 - er Londoner 1 - ness Happiness
2 - ess Actress 2 - ty Property
3 - hood Childhood 3 - dom Freedom
4 - ship Friendship
Түбiр етiстiктен
5 - (e)ry Chemistry
6 - let Booklet 1 - er(or) Worker, actor
7 - ette Kitchenette 2 - ant(ent) Assistant
8 - ite Muskovite 3 - (a)tion Organization
9 - (i)an Russian 4 - ing Building
10 - ese Chinese 5 - ment Movement
11 - ist Violonist 6 - al Refusal
12 -ism Heroism 7 - ee Addressee

III. Бiрiгу арқылы IV. Конверсия
(сөз табының өзгеруi)
1 Зат е.+зат е. Rainbow 1 to doubt doubt
2 Сын е.+зат е. Blackboard 2 to love love
3 Yстеу+зат е. Afternoon
4 Етiстiк+зат е. Knitwear 1 comic (a) comic
5 Зат е.+етiстiк Handshake 2 Rich (the)rich

3
Сын есiмнiң жасалуы

I. Префикс арқылы
1 Un - Unfair 8 Anti - Antifascist
2 Im - Impossible 9 Inter - International
3 Dis - Dishonest 10 Post - Post-war
4 Super - Supernatural 11 Uni - Unilateral
5 Sub - Subconscious 12 Bi - Bilingual
6 Ultra - Ultra-violet 13 Multi - Multilateral
7 Hyper - Hupercritical 14 Poly - Polysyllabic

II.Суффикс арқылы
Түбiр зат есiмнен Түбiр етiстiктен
1 - ful Useful 1 - able Readable
2 - less Helpless 2 - y Sleepy
3 - ly Friendly 3 - ive Attractive
4 - y Creamy
5 - ish Foolish
6 - al Musical
7 - ous Dangerous

Бiрiгу арқылы
1 Зат е.+ прич 1 Heart-breaking
2 Сын е.+ прич 1 Good-looking
3 Зат е.+ прич 2 Hand-made
4 Зат е.+ сын е Sea-green

Degrees of comparison

Positive Comparative Superlative
1 Бiр буынды strong stronger (the) strongest
2 Кей екi буынды сөз easy
clever
narrow easier
cleverer
narrower (the) easiest
(the) cleverest
(the) narrowest
3 Көп буынды interesting more interesting (the) most interesting
4 Ерекше жағдай good
bad
little
many (much) better
worse
less
more (the) best
(the) worst
(the) least
(the) most
Қолданылуы As ....as ... than the ...
He is tall
She is as tall as her brother He is taller than his sister He is the tallest in the family
4
Passive –тегi етiстiктiң шақтық формаларын да осылай жасап шығуға болады.
Ескерту: Passive –те Continuous тобында Future\Future – in the Past жоқ. Ал, Perfect Continuous тобы мүлде болмайды

Passive Voice be+V3
Indefinite
( - ) Continuous
(be + V4) Perfect
(have+V3)
Present
(V1) be invited be being invited have been invited
Past
(V2) was\were invited was\were being invited had been invited
Future
(shall\will+
V1) shall\will
be invited shall\will have been invited
Future – in the Past
(should\
would+V1) should\would
be invited should\would have been invited

Past Continuous Passive

V2 be + V4 be+V3 бұдан be2 +be4 +V3

Яғни was\were being invited

“To be”, “to have” етiстiктерiнiң осы шақта жiктелуi
Pronouns “to be” “to have”
Singular 1 person I аm have
2 person You аre have
3 person
He
She
It
іs
has
Plural 1 person We аre have
2 person You аre have
3 person
They аre have

9
The finite forms of the verb

Active Voice
Indefinite
( - ) Continuous
(be + V4) Perfect
(have+V3) Perfect Continuous
(have been+V4)
Present
(V1) invite be inviting have invited have been inviting
Past
(V2) invited was\were inviting had invited had been inviting
Future
(shall\will+
V1) shall\will
invite shall\will
be inviting shall\will
have invited shall\will have been inviting
Future – in the Past
(should\
would+V1) should\
would
invite should\
would
be inviting should\
would
have invited should\
would
have been inviting

Етiстiктiң шақтық формалары белгiлi бiр қағидаға сүйенiп жасалады.
V1 - V2 - V3 - V4
to invite - invited – invited – inviting

Past Perfect

V2 have+V3 бұдан have2+ V3 , яғни had invited

Future Perfect Continuous
shall\will+V1 have+V3 be + V4 бұдан

shall\will have been inviting

Ескерту: көмекшi етiстiк алдыңғы етiстiктiң формасына ауысады, ал соңғы етiстiк сөйлемдегi толық мағыналы негiзгi етiстiк

8
The Pronouns
Personal Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun
Nominative case Objective case Main form Absolute form
Singular 1 Per I me my mine myself
2 Per you you your yours yourself
3 Per he
she
it him
her
it his
her
its his
hers
its himself
herself
itself
Plural 1 Per we
us our ours ourselves
2 Per you
you your yours yourselves
3 Per they
them their theirs themselves
Қолдануы Атау септiгiнде Басқа септiк-терде Зат есiмнен
Бұрын Кейiн
Мысалы I wrote him a letter
We met them at the theatre This is my book
and this is yours He washed himself

Indefinite and negative pronouns
1 Some, somebody, someone, something ... used in the affirmative sentences I have some English books
2 Any, anybody, anyone, anything ... used in the interrogative and negative (...not) sentences Have you any English books?
I don't have any English books
3 No, nobody, no one, nothing ... used in the negative sentences I have no English books

Demonstrative pronouns
Singular Plural
1 This These
2 That Those
I have this book and you have that one These shoes don't fit. Show me those ones

5

The numeral

Cardinal
numerals
(есептiк)
Ordinal numerals
(реттiк)
1-12 1-3
1 one the first
2 two the second
3 three the third

4 four

- th
жалға-
нады the fourth
12 twelve the twelfth
13-19
13 - teen
жалға
нады thirteen the thirteenth
14 fourteen the fourteenth
19 nineteen the nineteenth
20, 30,....90
Y→ie
20 - ty
жалға-
нады twenty the twentieth
30 thirty the thirtieth
90 ninety the ninetieth

21 twenty-one the twenty-first
22 twenty-two the twenty-second
I. 100 – a hundred 1000 – a thousand
615 – six hundred and fifteen
2006 – two thousand and six
5700 – five thousand , seven hundred
2753000 – two million , seven hundred and fifty three
thousand
II. 8.56 – eight point fifty-six

III. 2\7 – two sevenths

IV. In 17 87 - in seventeen eighty-nine
In 19 00 – in nineteen hundred
Жылды оқығанда екi саннан бөлiп оқиды
6
Етiстiктiң түрлерi

Түрi Етiстiк Мысал Қолданылуы
1 Негiзгi speak
take Mary speaks English
I took the book from the library yesterday
Cөйлемдегi негiзгi әрекеттi бiлдiредi
2 Көмекшi do

be
have
shall
will Do you speak English?
He doesn't speak Russian
I am speaking
She has spoken
I shall go there
He will have asked Болымсыз сөйлем
сұраулы сөйлем,
шақтық формаларды жасауға көмектеседi
3 Байланыс-тырушы be Peter is a good people
4 Модальды can\could
may\might

must

should
ought to She can read
May I open the window?
He may come back tomorrow
You must come to school on time
You should (ought to) be more polite to him
You should (ought to) have tidied up your room Мүмкiндiк
Рұқсат

Болжам

Мiндет

Ақыл-кеңес

Ескерту

бiлдiредi

Етiстiктiң формалары

Infinitive
V1 Past Indefinite
V2 Participle II
V3 Participle I
V4

Regular
(дұрыс) - ed жалғанады -ing жалғанады

(to) ask ask-ed ask-ed ask-ing
(to) answer answer-ed answer-ed answer-ing

Irregular
(бұрыс) арнайы кестеде берiледi -ing жалғанады
(to) be was\were been be-ing
(to) write wrote written writ-ing
(to) speak spoke spoken speak-ing
(to) read read read read-ing
7 .